Heart Disease Is the Leading Cause of Death in Women
Many women think of breast cancer as their biggest health risk, but heart disease is actually the leading cause of death for women in the U.S. And risk rises noticeably after menopause.
How Menopause Affects Your Heart
Estrogen has protective effects on blood vessels and cholesterol. As levels decline, several changes tend to happen:
- LDL ("bad") cholesterol rises: Many women see a jump in LDL during the menopause transition
- Triglycerides may increase
- Blood pressure tends to rise
- Belly fat increases: Visceral fat is linked to heart disease and diabetes
- Insulin resistance becomes more common
- Blood vessels become less flexible
Women who go through menopause early (before 45) have a higher risk of heart disease, which is one reason early menopause should be discussed with a provider.
Know Your Numbers
Midlife is a great time to get a clear picture of your heart health. Useful tests include:
- Lipid panel: LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol
- ApoB: A measure of the number of cholesterol-carrying particles, which some experts consider a better marker of risk
- Lipoprotein(a): A genetic risk factor worth checking at least once
- Fasting glucose, insulin, and A1c: To check blood sugar health
- Blood pressure: Ideally checked regularly
Steps That Protect Your Heart
- Move regularly: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week, plus strength training
- Eat for heart health: Emphasize vegetables, fruit, whole grains, legumes, nuts, olive oil, and fish
- Manage weight and blood sugar
- Don't smoke and limit alcohol
- Prioritize sleep and stress management
- Treat high cholesterol or blood pressure when needed: Medications can be very effective
What About Hormone Therapy?
For healthy women who start hormone therapy before 60 or within 10 years of menopause, research suggests it does not raise heart disease risk and may have neutral or favorable effects. It isn't used solely to prevent heart disease, but it can be part of an overall plan.
Learn more about lab testing here: Heva Lab Testing
The Bottom Line
Menopause brings changes in cholesterol, blood pressure, and fat storage that raise heart disease risk. Knowing your numbers and building heart-healthy habits now can make a big difference.